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Manufacturer archive · company lineages · technology history
The companies, people, and transitions that built physical pinball
A researched guide to active builders, boutique projects, rights and manufacturing partners, historic companies, production windows, landmark games, and the overlapping technologies often called pinball eras.
How this archive counts manufacturers and games
- Company lifespan and pinball production are separate. A corporation can exist before its first pinball release or after its last one.
- Base titles, editions, kits, variants, and collaborations are not interchangeable. Counts state the unit being measured.
- Evolution catalog coverage is not a lifetime production total. Catalog entries describe pages represented here; official and preservation archives provide broader historical context.
- Dates retain their actual precision. Approximate decades and uncertain operating status are labeled rather than converted into invented exact dates.
Present-day industry
Modern manufacturers, projects, and partners
The former single “current lineup” grid mixed active manufacturers with liquidated companies, watchlists, sub-brands, and design partners. These groups preserve every useful entry while making its actual role explicit.
Active commercial
Active commercial manufacturers
Companies currently shipping, allocating, or publicly supporting complete pinball machines or a complete-machine platform.
American Pinball
2015-present; new ownership in 2026
American Pinball built its early identity around original and independently developed themes before expanding into licensed and remake work. JB Vincent LP acquired the company assets in January 2026, and Cirqus Voltaire became its seventh official catalog title when allocations opened in August 2026.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 6 released titles plus Cirqus Voltaire allocation
- Houdini
- Hot Wheels
- Cirqus Voltaire
Barrels of Fun
Public production debut in 2023
Barrels of Fun entered public production with Labyrinth and quickly expanded through high-end licensed games. Dune, Winchester Mystery House, and Bon Jovi bring the documented catalog to four base titles.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 4 announced or released titles
- Labyrinth
- Dune
- Bon Jovi
Chicago Gaming Company
Modern pinball production since the early 2000s
Chicago Gaming is best known in pinball for authorized Bally/Williams remakes, rebuilt with modern electronics and manufacturing. Pulp Fiction broadened that identity through an original modern design collaboration rather than another direct remake.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 6 Evolution catalog entries
- Medieval Madness Remake
- Cactus Canyon Remake
- Pulp Fiction
Dutch Pinball
2013-present
Dutch Pinball began as a group of enthusiasts and became a boutique manufacturer with The Big Lebowski. Alice, Bride of Pinbot 2.0, and the Jesus Edition extend the catalog across complete machines, an upgrade project, and a collector variant rather than four equivalent base titles.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 2 base machines, 1 upgrade project, and 1 collector variant
- The Big Lebowski
- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
- Bride of Pinbot 2.0
Jersey Jack Pinball
2011-present
Founded by Jack Guarnieri in 2011, Jersey Jack helped establish full-color LCD presentation, elaborate physical toys, and deep rules as expectations for premium modern pinball. The company manufactures in the Chicago area and maintains a growing licensed catalog.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 12 Evolution catalog entries
- The Wizard of Oz
- Pirates of the Caribbean
- Sonic the Hedgehog
Multimorphic
2009-present; Multimorphic name since 2012
Multimorphic developed the P3 as a reusable pinball platform whose cabinet accepts interchangeable upper playfields and downloadable software. Its catalog must be counted as full game kits and add-on games, not as eleven separate conventional cabinets.
- Status
- Active platform
- Documented coverage
- 11 full P3 game kits plus 18 add-on games
- The Princess Bride
- Weird Al's Museum of Natural Hilarity
- Portal
Pedretti Gaming
Family amusement roots in the 1960s; current pinball work from the 2010s
Pedretti combines Italian amusement-manufacturing experience with authorized Bally/Williams remakes and substantial upgrade packages for existing games. Complete machines and 2.0 upgrade kits are deliberately counted separately here.
- Status
- Active manufacturer and upgrade developer
- Documented coverage
- 3 complete machines plus 2 upgrade kits
- FunHouse Remake
- Tales of the Arabian Nights Remake
- Whirlwind Total Chaos
Pinball Brothers
Legal roots in 2017; branded production from about 2020
Pinball Brothers continued the Alien project after Heighway Pinball and developed a Sweden-centered production identity around licensed collector games. Its support catalog covers four distinct production titles.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 4 supported production titles
- Alien
- Queen
- ABBA
- Predator
Spooky Pinball
2013-present
Spooky Pinball was founded in Benton, Wisconsin, on February 1, 2013 and grew from a family boutique operation into a regular producer of licensed and original games. Its catalog is known for smaller production runs, distinctive themes, and collaboration with independent designers.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 14 Evolution catalog entries
- Total Nuclear Annihilation
- Scooby-Doo
- Beetlejuice
Stern Pinball
Stern name since 1999; Data East lineage since 1986
The modern company continues the Data East Pinball and Sega Pinball operation acquired by Gary Stern and investors in 1999. Stern is the largest current producer of commercial, home, and limited-edition pinball machines, but its Evolution catalog count is not a lifetime production total.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 82 Evolution catalog entries
- Godzilla
- Jurassic Park
- The Uncanny X-Men
Boutique / limited run
Boutique and limited-run manufacturers
Small-series builders whose catalogs need clear separation between released machines, prototypes, and announced projects.
Bitronic
One documented modern commission
Bitronic is a Spanish amusement-equipment manufacturer that entered physical pinball with the Quetzal-designed basketball game Super Hoop. Its pinball catalog contains one documented production model rather than a broader multi-title line.
- Status
- Active amusement manufacturer with one pinball model
- Documented coverage
- 1 production pinball model
- Super Hoop
HEXA Pinball
Public activity from about 2022
HEXA is a Bordeaux-region manufacturer emphasizing locally built, traditional-format machines with modern presentation. Its official catalog now contains Space Hunt and The 3 Musketeers.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 2 production titles
- Space Hunt
- The 3 Musketeers
Homepin
2013-present; Taiwan factory since 2020
Mike Kalinowski established Homepin in 2013 and built its original production operation in Shenzhen, China. Manufacturing later moved to Kaohsiung, Taiwan, so the company should not be described as having exclusively Taiwanese roots.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 3 production titles
- Thunderbirds
- This Is Spinal Tap
- The Blues Brothers
Pinball Adventures
Development from about 2018; retail production from 2023
Punny Factory is the company's clearly documented production release. Other named projects should remain labeled announced or prototype work until normal commercial production is independently verified.
- Status
- Boutique production and development
- Documented coverage
- 1 verified production title plus 6 announced projects
- Punny Factory
- Elements
- Forsaken Ninja
Turner Pinball
Late 2022-present
Turner Pinball is an independent manufacturer focused on serviceable modern hardware, original themes, and controlled production growth. Its public timeline moves from early Ninja development through Merlin's Arcade and the announced Yukon Yeti project.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 2 shipping titles plus 1 announced project
- Ninja Eclipse
- Merlin's Arcade
- Yukon Yeti
Vector Pinball
Public activity from about 2022
Vector Pinball develops Australian-built projects spanning original themes and regional licenses. The five-project count refers to base projects and intentionally excludes edition variants.
- Status
- Active
- Documented coverage
- 5 numbered base projects
- Eight Ball Fury
- Peter Brock
- Lost in Space
Wonderland Amusements
2025-present
Wonderland produces approximately 80%-scale home pinball machines rather than standard commercial cabinets. Alice Goes to Wonderland is the shipping title, while Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles remains a presale product as of this review.
- Status
- Active home-format manufacturer
- Documented coverage
- 1 shipping title plus 1 presale title
- Alice Goes to Wonderland
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Development watchlist
Development and status watchlist
Public projects without a verified normal production release, or brands whose present operating status remains unconfirmed.
Pawlowski Pinball
Current development project
Pinball Eternal remains an upcoming project without a verified normal production release. The page preserves the development history while keeping released-machine counts at zero.
- Status
- Preproduction watchlist
- Documented coverage
- 0 released titles; 1 preproduction project
- Pinball Eternal
Ramp's Pinball / TiltBob
Current development project
Road Trip remains publicly described as coming soon. This entry documents an active development effort and must not be presented as evidence of a shipped commercial machine.
- Status
- Preproduction watchlist
- Documented coverage
- 0 released titles; 1 announced project
- Road Trip
Inactive / unverified
Inactive modern manufacturers
Recent manufacturers preserved here for historical context but no longer treated as active lineups.
Haggis Pinball
Operations c.2018-2024; registration cancelled in 2025
Haggis delivered Celts and Fathom Revisited before entering external administration in 2024. Centaur Revisited was announced and partially built but did not become a normal completed production run; the business registration was cancelled in 2025.
- Status
- Inactive / liquidated
- Documented coverage
- 2 delivered titles plus 1 incomplete remake project
- Celts
- Fathom Revisited
- Centaur Revisited
Phénix Pinball
Prototype shown in 2016; later identity around 2018
A French prototype and boutique project associated with Goblin Contest. No current primary evidence was found that supports presenting Phénix as an active volume manufacturer.
- Status
- Present status unverified
- Documented coverage
- 0 verified current releases; 1 documented prototype identity
- Goblin Contest
Quetzal Pinball
Known production chiefly 2015-2019
Quetzal produced a compact Spanish boutique catalog and also supplied designs adapted for other partners. The historical title total is three even though Evolution presently carries two corresponding product pages.
- Status
- Current operating status unclear
- Documented coverage
- 3 historical titles; 2 Evolution catalog pages
- Captain Nemo
- Tokyo Perfect Drift
- Super Canasta
Partner / rights / platform
Platforms, rights holders, design studios, and manufacturing partners
Organizations that contribute games, rights, engineering, or production without being directly comparable to a conventional machine brand.
Dutch Pinball Exclusive (DPX)
Modern Dutch Pinball project label
DPX is presented here as a project or collector label within the Dutch Pinball orbit, not as a separately verified corporate manufacturer. Alice is counted with Dutch Pinball to prevent duplicate machine totals.
- Status
- Project / collector label
- Documented coverage
- 1 associated title; not a separate manufacturer total
- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
European Pinball Company
Manufacturing partnership active from about 2023
European Pinball Company is an Italian production organization involving Pedretti, Pinball Brothers, and Planetary Pinball interests. Its output belongs with the consumer brands and projects it manufactures, not in a separate zero-machine retail catalog.
- Status
- Contract manufacturing partnership
- Documented coverage
- No separate consumer-title count
- Pedretti remakes
- Pinball Brothers production
Planetary Pinball Supply
2010-present
Planetary Pinball supports licensed Bally/Williams parts, intellectual-property stewardship, and authorized remake relationships. It belongs in the archive because modern continuation of classic brands cannot be explained accurately through manufacturers alone.
- Status
- Rights holder and industry partner
- Documented coverage
- Rights and partnership role; no separate base-machine count
- Bally/Williams authorized parts
- Remake licensing
- Preservation support
Play Mechanix / Raw Thrills
Active amusement-development companies
Play Mechanix and Raw Thrills contributed design and development to Pulp Fiction while Chicago Gaming manufactures the machine. The collaboration is documented without double-counting the title as a separate manufacturer's catalog.
- Status
- Design collaboration partner
- Documented coverage
- 1 documented pinball collaboration
- Pulp Fiction
Team Pinball
2016-present design activity
Team Pinball is better understood as a design and engineering studio than a volume manufacturer. The Mafia remains its completed, very small-run physical title.
- Status
- Design and engineering studio
- Documented coverage
- 1 completed small-run machine
- The Mafia
Ownership and continuation
Major pinball company lineages
These sequences explain asset purchases, brand changes, and successor projects without pretending that every name represents one uninterrupted legal company.
Chicago Coin to Stern Electronics
- Chicago Coin / Chicago Dynamic Industries
- Selected assets sold after 1976 foreclosure
- Stern Electronics formed for 1977 production
- Classic Stern commercial releases end in 1982
Cash Box, January 15, 1977 (opens in a new tab)Stern Pinball official history (opens in a new tab)
Data East to modern Stern
- Data East Pinball founded in 1986
- First released game in 1987
- Sega acquisition in 1994
- Gary Stern-led purchase and Stern Pinball name in 1999
Stern Pinball official history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)
Bally, Midway, Williams, and WMS
- Bally founded in 1932
- Bally acquires Midway in 1969
- Bally/Midway manufacturing identity in 1982
- WMS acquires Bally/Midway in 1988
- New WMS pinball production ends in 1999
The Strong: Bally-Midway-Williams records (opens in a new tab)
Gottlieb to Premier
- D. Gottlieb & Co. established in 1927
- Columbia ownership in 1977
- Mylstar identity in 1983
- Premier purchase in 1984
- Operations end in 1996
Gottlieb Development official history (opens in a new tab)The Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab)
Zaccaria to Mr. Game
- Zaccaria production begins in 1974
- Final documented Zaccaria releases in 1987
- Bankruptcy / ownership transition
- Mr. Game production in 1988-1990
Pinball News: Zaccaria history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)
Heighway to Pinball Brothers
- Heighway Pinball founded in 2012
- Full Throttle and Alien development
- Heighway operations end
- Alien project continues through Pinball Brothers
UK Companies House: Heighway Pinball (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab)
Technology, not company lifespan
What pinball “eras” actually mean
Era labels describe overlapping technologies and design conventions. They are approximate because manufacturers adopted new systems at different times and continued older systems during each transition.
1870s-1930s
Bagatelle and early mechanical pin games
Spring plungers, pins, scoring holes, and gravity-driven play established the physical vocabulary before electric playfield devices.
1930s-late 1970s
Early electric and electro-mechanical development
Electric kickers, bells, relays, score reels, bumpers, and player-controlled flippers developed over decades. EM production continued after the first electronic machines appeared.
Mid-1970s-early 1990s
Solid state and alphanumeric displays
Microprocessors replaced relay logic, enabling deeper rules, electronic sound, audits, memory, and alphanumeric displays. This transition overlapped with late EM production.
1991-2010s
Dot-matrix display era
DMDs supported animation, video-like storytelling, mode instructions, and increasingly complex software. Alphanumeric and later LCD games overlap this period.
2012-present
LCD, networked, and platform pinball
Large color displays, internet accounts, downloadable code, achievements, connected leaderboards, and reusable hardware platforms became major modern design directions.
Verified legacy reference
Historical manufacturer archive
Company or brand span is separated from documented commercial pinball production. Composite lineages are called out, and vague archive evidence remains vague rather than becoming a false exact date.
| Manufacturer | Company / brand span | Commercial pinball production | Country / region | History and significance | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Hankin and Company | Broader amusement business continued after pinball | Commercial pinball 1978-1980 | Australia | Notable: Orbit 1; FJ; Dennis Lillee's Howzat!; Shark; The Empire Strikes Back A Newcastle, New South Wales manufacturer with five locally designed solid-state games central to Australian pinball history. The Empire Strikes Back was the first licensed Star Wars pinball machine. |
Hankin Pinball official machine history (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
| A.B.T. Manufacturing | Founded about 1920; activity documented through 1962 | Pin and skill-table production concentrated in the 1930s | United States | Notable: Autobank; All Stars; Captain Kidd; Scram A historically important Chicago coin-op and skill-game maker whose countertop target games, coin mechanisms, and early pin tables helped bridge trade stimulators and amusement-only skill games. Keep gun, target, vending, and payout equipment distinct from conventional pinball titles. |
Strong: A.B.T. Manufacturing archive (opens in a new tab)IPSND: A.B.T. Autobank machine record (opens in a new tab) |
| Allied Leisure Industries | 1968-1979 | Commercial pinball 1972-1979 | United States | Notable: Sea Hunt; Spooksville; Dyn-O-Mite; Thunderbolt; Take Five; Star Shooter An American amusement manufacturer active during the EM-to-solid-state transition. Its first documented pinball predates the often-cited 1973 start. Acquired in 1979 and reorganized as Centuri in 1980. |
Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
| Alvin G. and Company | 1991-1994 | Commercial releases 1991-1993 | United States | Notable: A.G. Soccer-Ball; Al's Garage Band; Mystery Castle; Pistol Poker Founded by Gottlieb veteran Alvin Gottlieb, the company produced a compact early-1990s catalog before ceasing operations in March 1994. An independent continuation of Gottlieb-era experience, not a Gottlieb successor company. |
Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
| Atari Pinball | Pinball division began in 1976; development records continue into early 1980s | Seven commercial releases, 1976-1979 | United States | Notable: The Atarians; Time 2000; Airborne Avenger; Middle Earth; Superman; Hercules Atari built visually distinctive widebody solid-state games and experimental prototypes. Hercules was the largest commercially produced pinball machine, while later archive dates refer chiefly to unfinished development work. The commercial catalog ended before the surviving engineering record. |
Strong: Atari Coin-Op records (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Automatic Industries | Formed January 1931; short-lived pin-game maker | Commercial pin games 1931-1936 | United States | Notable: Whiffle; Whiffle Board Deluxe; Baby Whiffle; Champion; Whiffle-Zip The Youngstown, Ohio maker associated with Whiffle, an early mass-produced coin-operated pin game that helped turn tabletop bagatelle into a commercial amusement category. An early commercial bridge between bagatelle and modern pinball. |
IPSND: Whiffle Board by Automatic Industries (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Bally / Bally Midway | Bally founded 1932; brand lineage through 1999 | Bally-branded pinball across multiple owners, 1932-1999 | United States | Notable: Ballyhoo; Eight Ball; Centaur; Fathom; The Addams Family; Twilight Zone; Attack from Mars; Revenge from Mars A foundational Chicago coin-op name that moved from early mechanical games through dominant solid-state production and the best-selling modern pinball era. Bally acquired Midway in 1969; WMS acquired Bally/Midway in 1988 and continued the Bally label. |
Strong: Bally-Midway-Williams records (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Bell Coin-Matic / Bell Games / Nuova Bell | 1978-1988 trade-name lineage | Conversion kits and complete pinball 1978-1988 | Italy | Notable: The King; White Shark; The Hunter; Fireball II; Tiger Rag; New Wave; U-Boat 65 A Bologna-area operation that began with conversion kits, traded as Bell Games, and continued as Nuova Bell from about 1985. Preserve the related trade names while distinguishing kits from complete machines. |
Kineticist: Bell Games and Nuova Bell catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Billport S.A. / Bill Port | Company registry activity extended beyond its pinball window | Commercial pinball 1976-1977 | Spain | Notable: Bumper; Casino 2000; 7 1/2 Up A Madrid maker tied to a small cluster of electro-mechanical titles rather than a long-running pinball catalog. Keep the company registry span separate from the verified machine-production window. |
Recreativas.org: Billport 7 1/2 Up (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Brunswick / Briarwood | Long-lived Brunswick parent; Briarwood home-game identity | Commercial home-format pinball 1976-1980 | United States | Notable: Super Star; Cosmic Pinball; Skate King; Alive; Aspen; Demolition Classic; Circus Brunswick and its Briarwood operation produced a documented late-1970s home-pinball line from Marion, Virginia, distinct from full-size operator machines. Some related machines also appeared under the Mali name; home and commercial formats should remain distinguishable. |
Cash Box, August 21, 1976: Brunswick home pinball (opens in a new tab)PinWiki: Brunswick and Briarwood catalog (opens in a new tab) |
| Capcom Coin-Op | Pinball subsidiary formed 1995; production ended 1996 | Commercial pinball 1995-1996 | United States / Japan ownership | Notable: Pinball Magic; Airborne; Breakshot; Flipper Football A short-lived DMD manufacturer. Big Bang Bar and Kingpin were unfinished or prototype projects rather than ordinary Capcom production releases. Big Bang Bar later reached collectors through Pinball Manufacturing/Illinois Pin Ball. |
Capcom annual report 1998 (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Centro Matic | c.1973-1978 | One verified commercial pinball in 1973 | Spain | Notable: Jarama A small Spanish manufacturer represented by one presently documented commercial machine. Use the verified title date rather than a generic decade-long production claim. |
Kineticist: Centro Matic catalog (opens in a new tab) |
| Chicago Coin / Chicago Dynamic Industries | 1932-1976 company; 1977 asset transition | Commercial Chicago Coin pinball through 1976, with 1977 transition games | United States | Notable: Beam-Lite; Kilroy; Stage Coach; Casino; Sound Stage; Stampede; Rawhide A foundational Chicago producer and one of the EM era's central manufacturers. Chicago Dynamic Industries became the corporate name in 1957 while Chicago Coin remained the product identity. Selected assets were purchased after foreclosure by the Stern family operation that became Stern Electronics. |
Cash Box, January 15, 1977 (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Coffee-Mat | Coffee and vending company with a short amusement division | Commercial pinball 1976-1978 | United States | Notable: Wipe-Out; Star Battle; Cosmic Wars A Kenilworth, New Jersey vending business that briefly entered cocktail-format pinball. Short-lived diversification into amusement manufacturing; documentation remains limited. |
Pinside: Coffee-Mat machine catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| D. Gottlieb & Co. / Mylstar / Premier Technology | 1927-1996 lineage; Premier 1984-1996 | Commercial pin games and pinball throughout the lineage | United States | Notable: Baffle Ball; Humpty Dumpty; Black Hole; Haunted House; Cue Ball Wizard; Barb Wire Gottlieb helped establish mass-market pin games and introduced the first production game with player-controlled electromechanical flippers. The lineage continued through Columbia ownership, Mylstar, and Premier's System 3 era. Gottlieb → Columbia/Mylstar → Premier; operations ended in 1996. |
Gottlieb Development official history (opens in a new tab)Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab) |
| Data East Pinball | 1986-1994 | Released games 1987-1994 | United States / Japan ownership | Notable: Laser War; Time Machine; Back to the Future; Star Wars; Jurassic Park; Guns N' Roses Gary Stern helped found the Chicago operation in 1986; Laser War followed in 1987. Data East became a major bridge from alphanumeric games to licensed DMD production. Acquired by Sega in 1994, then continued as Sega Pinball. |
Stern Pinball official history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| deeproot Pinball | Development activity c.2015-2021 | No customer-delivered commercial pinball release | United States | Notable: Retro Atomic Zombie Adventureland prototypes; announced Magic Girl and other projects The San Antonio venture promoted a large future catalog, but no complete pinball machine reached ordinary customer production before the SEC case and 2021 collapse. It is a failed/prototype project, not a completed-machine manufacturer. Some design and development assets later appeared in the Dutch Pinball/DPX orbit. |
SEC: deeproot investment-fraud litigation release (opens in a new tab)Pinball News: Game Over for deeproot Pinball (opens in a new tab) |
| Exhibit Supply Company | 1901-1979 broader amusement history | Commercial pin games chiefly 1932-1957 | United States | Notable: Drop Kick; Play Ball; Trapper; Lightning; Samba; Circus A historic Chicago amusement company active in early pin games, card vendors, arcade equipment, and later flipper-era machines. Its corporate lifespan is much broader than its pinball-production window. |
Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Fascination International | 1977-1979 | Commercial cocktail pinball 1977-1979 | United States | Notable: Roy Clark 'The Entertainer'; Eros One; Eros II; Circa 1933 An Elk Grove Village manufacturer closely tied to Allied Leisure's cocktail-table hardware and private-label production. Research and display alongside Allied Leisure while retaining the distinct Fascination manufacturer identity. |
IPSND: Fascination International catalog (opens in a new tab) |
| Game Plan | 1978-1985 | 1978-1985 | United States | Notable: Foxy Lady; Sharpshooter; Old Coney Island; Agents 777; Cyclopes Game Plan began with cocktail-format machines before moving into standard upright solid-state games. Sharpshooter was its first conventional upright title. Independent American solid-state manufacturer. |
Game Plan Pinball history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Genco Manufacturing | 1931-1958 | Commercial pin games 1931-1957/1958 | United States | Notable: Buster Ball; Triple Action; Stop and Go; Fun-Fair A major Chicago producer spanning pre-flipper and EM pinball. Steve Kordek's Triple Action established the familiar pair of inward-facing flippers at the bottom of the playfield. Merged into Chicago Coin in 1958/1959. |
Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Haggis Pinball | Operations c.2018-2024; later entity cancellation | Commercial and small-series pinball chiefly 2021-2024 | Australia | Notable: Celts; Fathom Revisited; incomplete Centaur Revisited project A boutique Australian producer of Celts and Fathom Revisited that entered liquidation in July 2024. Centaur Revisited was announced and partially built but was not completed as a normal production run. Inactive; unfinished projects must not be counted as delivered production titles. |
Pinball News: Haggis Pinball in liquidation (opens in a new tab)Australian Business Register: Haggis Pinball (opens in a new tab) |
| Heighway Pinball | 2012-2018 operations; dissolved 2020 | Commercial pinball 2015-2017 | United Kingdom | Notable: Full Throttle; Alien A Welsh manufacturer that pursued a modular cabinet concept and released Full Throttle and Alien before liquidation. Alien rights and production later continued through Pinball Brothers. |
UK Companies House: Heighway Pinball (opens in a new tab)Amusements & Attractions: Heighway Pinball liquidation (opens in a new tab) |
| Inder | 1970-1993 | Commercial pinball 1971-1993 | Spain | Notable: Hearts Gain; Brave Team; Canasta '86; Corsario; Flip VI; Metal Man; Bushido One of Spain's longer-running EM and solid-state manufacturers, with a substantial catalog and experiments including a CRT-equipped backbox. Canasta '86 was later remade by MarsaPlay; the Mach 2 design was completed through Spinball. |
Pinball News: history of Spanish pinball (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| J.H. Keeney & Co. | Keeney & Sons from 1930; J.H. Keeney & Co. from 1934 | Documented pin-game activity 1930-1964 | United States | Notable: Cover Girl; Band Leader; Hi Straight; Poker Face / Colorama; Arrowhead An early Chicago coin-op manufacturer with pin games, bingos, payout equipment, and later flipper titles. The 1933-1934 partnership and legal-name change should be retained in detailed profiles. |
Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Jeutel | 1979-1993 broader amusement company | Commercial pinball 1982-1986 | France | Notable: Valkyrie; Le King; Olympic Games; Papillon; Apocalypse Now; Evolution A Toucy, Yonne amusement manufacturer with a compact documented solid-state pinball catalog. The earlier Excalibur project is treated as a prototype rather than a commercial release. Company lifespan and commercial pinball years must remain separate. |
Kineticist: Jeutel catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| LTD do Brasil | 1977-1984 | Commercial pinball 1977-1984 | Brazil | Notable: Carnaval no Rio; Hustler; Martian Queen; Zephy; Cowboy Eight Ball A Campinas, Sao Paulo manufacturer of locally engineered Brazilian adaptations and original presentations. Important to documenting pinball beyond the United States and Europe. |
Kineticist: LTD do Brasil catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| M. Redgrave Bagatelle Company | c.1885-1925 | Commercial parlor bagatelles; not modern flipper pinball | United States | Notable: Redgrave-style spring-launcher bagatelle tables A commercial company associated with Montague Redgrave's improved bagatelle designs. It belongs at the commercial edge of pinball's origin story rather than among conventional machine makers. Montague Redgrave remains separately documented in the origins timeline as the 1871 patent holder. |
IPSND: M. Redgrave Bagatelle Company catalog (opens in a new tab)Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab) |
| MAC S.A. | 1986-1996 | Commercial pinball 1986-1996 | Spain | Notable: Mac's Galaxy; Space Train; Space Panther; Mac Jungle; NBA Mac Maquinas Automaticas Computerizadas S.A. was a Madrid manufacturer with a small but decade-spanning solid-state catalog. Independent Spanish regional manufacturer. |
Flip Commons: MAC S.A. catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Maresa | c.1960-1978 | Commercial electro-mechanical pinball c.1960-1978 | Spain | Notable: King Ball; Big Brave; Crescendo; Dakota; Laramie; Metropolis Maquinas Recreativas Sociedad Anonima was a Madrid maker with a large regional catalog, including locally adapted versions of American layouts. Sources differ between a 1976 endpoint and a 1978 Metropolis attribution, so the terminal date should remain approximate. |
Recreativas.org: Maresa machine catalog (opens in a new tab)Pinball News: history of Spanish pinball (opens in a new tab) |
| MarsaPlay | Pinball activity documented c.2010-2013 | New Canasta prototypes and small-series examples in 2010; no verified second commercial title | Spain | Notable: New Canasta A Viator, Almeria boutique builder that modernized Inder's Canasta '86 with an LCD, LED lighting, and contemporary electronics. The company span must not be presented as three years of continuous multi-title production. |
Pinball News: New Canasta review (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Midway Manufacturing | Founded 1958/1959; acquired by Bally in 1969 | Standalone Midway pinball chiefly 1963-1964 and 1978 | United States | Notable: Race-Way; Flying Turns; Rodeo; Rotation VIII A major Franklin Park coin-op company whose arcade significance greatly exceeded its small standalone pinball catalog. Bally acquired Midway in 1969; the later Bally/Midway identity is covered with Bally rather than counted as continuous Midway-label pin production. |
Kineticist: Midway Manufacturing catalog (opens in a new tab)Strong: Bally-Midway-Williams records (opens in a new tab) |
| Mills Novelty Company | Origins in the late 1800s; renamed Mills Industries in 1943/1944 | Commercial pin games 1932-1942 | United States | Notable: Official; New Pay Table; McCoy; Neighbors; Mills Softball; One-Two-Three A major Chicago coin-op company better known for gambling and vending equipment but also responsible for a substantial pre-war pin-game catalog. The pinball window must be separated from the much longer corporate history. |
Mills Novelty Company history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Mirco Games | Founded 1973; acquired in 1980 | Commercial pinball 1975-1978 | United States | Notable: Spirit of '76; Lucky Draw A Phoenix, Arizona maker remembered for the limited-production Spirit of '76, one of the earliest commercial microprocessor pinball machines. Important technology-transition history despite a two-title pinball catalog. |
IPSND: Spirit of '76 machine record (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Mr. Game | 1988-1990 | Commercial pinball 1988-1990 | Italy | Notable: Dakar; Motor Show; Mac Attack; World Cup '90 A short-lived Bologna-area manufacturer operating from the former Zaccaria factory after its ownership transition. The factory and related manufacturing activity later passed to Tecnoplay. |
Kineticist: Mr. Game catalog (opens in a new tab)Pinball News: Zaccaria history (opens in a new tab) |
| Nordamatic | c.1974-1979 | Commercial pinball 1974-1979 | Italy | Notable: Big Sakem; Champion; Card Castle; Atlantis; Antares A Verona manufacturer whose catalog moved from rebuilt electro-mechanical hardware to the solid-state Antares in 1979. No later commercial release is documented after Antares. |
Kineticist: Nordamatic catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| O.D. Jennings & Company | 1906-1957 | Documented pin and payout games chiefly 1932-1938 | United States | Notable: Sportsman; Improved Sportsman; Hunter; Baseball; Football A Chicago coin-op company whose slot and payout equipment was more prominent than its short early pin-game catalog. Do not present it as a continuous 1930s-1950s conventional pinball manufacturer. |
International Arcade Museum: O.D. Jennings history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Pacific Amusement Manufacturing / PAMCO | 1932-1937 | Commercial pin games 1932-1937 | United States | Notable: Bump-T-Ball; Contact; Major League; Galloping Ghost; Pamco Parlay The company behind Harry Williams' Contact, which used electric kickers and a bell to move pin games beyond gravity-only play. Its catalog continued well beyond the previously listed 1933-1934 window. A key Harry Williams pre-company milestone. |
IPSND: Pacific Amusement Manufacturing catalog (opens in a new tab)Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab) |
| Petaco | Legally constituted in 1962; pinball activity ended about 1980 | Commercial pinball c.1962-1980 | Spain | Notable: Criterium; Torpedo; Check; Criterium 80 A major Madrid manufacturer whose name became a common Spanish nickname for pinball machines. Petaco sold domestic games under its own identity while using Recel for exports. Parent company and domestic identity related to, but not interchangeable with, the Recel export brand. |
Kineticist: Recel history and catalog (opens in a new tab)Pinball News: history of Spanish pinball (opens in a new tab) |
| Peyper | Founded 1977; broader company activity continued to about 1998 | Commercial pinball 1977-1994 | Spain | Notable: Tally Ho; Fantastic World; Odin; Wolf Man; Odisea Paris-Dakar; Sir Lancelot A Madrid manufacturer founded by former Petaco personnel with a documented EM and solid-state catalog ending in Sir Lancelot. Part of Spain's extensive independent manufacturing tradition. |
Pinball News: history of Spanish pinball (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Pinball Manufacturing / Illinois Pin Ball | Illinois Pin Ball activity from about 2000; Pinball Manufacturing formed in 2004 | Complete-machine production documented in 2006-2007 | United States | Notable: Big Bang Bar reproduction A Bloomington, Illinois specialist operation that completed a collector reproduction run of Capcom's previously unfinished Big Bang Bar project. Connects the Capcom prototype project to later reproduction production; broader asset and rights claims should be stated cautiously. |
Pinball News: Pinball Expo 2004 seminars (opens in a new tab)Pinball News: Big Bang Bar reproduction (opens in a new tab) |
| Pinstar | 1985-1986 | One verified conversion-kit release in 1985 | United States | Notable: Gamatron Gary Stern's short interim venture between Stern Electronics and Data East produced the Gamatron conversion kit for Bally/Stern hardware. Sonic later released a licensed Spanish version of Gamatron. |
Kineticist: Pinstar and Gamatron (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Playmatic | Founded 1967/1968; operations ended 1987 | Commercial pinball 1968-1987 | Spain | Notable: Caravan; Space Gambler; Big Town; Antar; Spain 82; Megaaton A major Barcelona manufacturer with substantial EM and solid-state output across two decades. One of the clearest examples of Spain's independent manufacturing scale. |
Recreativas.org: Playmatic history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Rally Play | 1961-1969 | Commercial pinball 1961-1969 | France | Notable: Bowling Flipper; Beach Games; Three Musketeers; Rally Girl; Playboy; Flower's Child A Nice manufacturer whose Fliptronic line combined electro-mechanical game logic with Nixie-tube scoring and electronic sound before mainstream solid-state pinball. The company returned to industrial and military electronics after pinball production ended. |
Kineticist: Rally Play catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Recel S.A. | Export brand established by Petaco in the early 1970s | Commercial export pinball 1974-1980 | Spain | Notable: Criterium 75; Poker Plus; Fair Fight; Mr. Evil; Crazy Race Petaco's Madrid-based export identity produced a substantial EM and early solid-state catalog for markets outside Spain. Related Petaco export brand; not a later successor company. |
Kineticist: Recel history and catalog (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
| Recreativos Franco / Interflip | Recreativos Franco founded 1965; Interflip export identity from 1976 | Recreativos Franco pinball 1973-1986; Interflip export pins chiefly 1976-1978 | Spain | Notable: Mississippi; Cabaret; Impacto; Alaska; Full; Dragoon; Super Star The Madrid company began with domestic pinball and used Interflip primarily for four-player export versions in the second half of the 1970s. Interflip is a related export identity, not a separate long-running 1980s pinball company. |
Recreativas.org: Recreativos Franco history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Ripepi / Ditta Ripepi | Company lifespan not established by available public records | Documented pinball 1974-1976 | Italy | Notable: Big Sakem; Gold Star; Arrow; Caravan Gold; Time Out A Messina manufacturer represented by five preserved electro-mechanical titles. The verified game range is more reliable than an inferred company lifespan. Regional Italian producer; retain approximate company-date precision. |
IPSND: Ripepi manufacturer catalog (opens in a new tab) |
| Rock-Ola Manufacturing | Founded 1927; longer jukebox and amusement history | Commercial pin games 1932-1938 | United States | Notable: Juggle Ball; World's Fair Jig-Saw; World's Series; Army and Navy; Big Game Best known for jukeboxes, Rock-Ola also produced a substantial early mechanical pin-game catalog. World's Fair Jig-Saw became one of the period's best-documented successes. Pinball was one part of a broader amusement catalog. |
Smithsonian: Rock-Ola World's Fair Jig-Saw (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Sega Pinball | 1994-1999 | 1994-1999 | United States / Japan ownership | Notable: Baywatch; Batman Forever; Apollo 13; Starship Troopers; The X Files; Godzilla Sega acquired Data East Pinball and continued its Chicago operation through a major licensed DMD catalog. Purchased by Gary Stern and investors in 1999 and renamed Stern Pinball. |
Stern Pinball official history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Sega S.A. SONIC / Segasa | Spanish venture established in 1968 | Commercial pinball 1972-1979 and 1985-1988 | Spain | Notable: Casbah; Mars Trek; Monaco; Faces; Gamatron; Pole Position Spanish Sega-linked and Sonic-branded production combined licensed, adapted, and locally developed machines across two pinball periods. Trade identities and licensing relationships should be resolved title by title. |
Sega-16: Eduardo Morales Hermo interview and Segasa history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Sleic | Separate amusement company founded 1992 | Commercial pinball 1992-1996 | Spain | Notable: Bike Race; Sleic Pin-Ball; Dona Elvira 2; Io Moon Creaciones e Investigaciones Electronicas S.L. acquired Petaco molds, equipment, and trademark assets but was a separate later company, not merely another Petaco trade name. Asset successor to parts of the Petaco operation; legally distinct from Petaco and Recel. |
Kineticist: Sleic history and catalog (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
| Spinball S.A.L. | 1994-1996 | Commercial pinball 1994-1996 | Spain | Notable: Mach 2; Jolly Park; Verne's World A Fuenlabrada, Madrid manufacturer with three documented late solid-state/DMD-era releases. Mach 2 began as an Inder design before that company closed. |
Kineticist: Spinball catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Stern Electronics / Classic Stern | Formed late 1976; wound down 1984-1985 | Commercial pinball 1977-1982 | United States | Notable: Stars; Meteor; Seawitch; Flight 2000; Nine Ball; Catacomb; Orbitor 1 Sam and Gary Stern formed the company from selected Chicago Coin assets. Its solid-state catalog became a defining part of the early electronic era; Orbitor 1 was the final released table in 1982. Historically related to the Stern family, but not the same uninterrupted company as modern Stern Pinball. |
Cash Box, January 15, 1977 (opens in a new tab)Stern Pinball official history (opens in a new tab) |
| Stoner Manufacturing | Broader company chronology incomplete | Commercial pin games 1933-1941 | United States | Notable: Blackstone; Turf Champs; Ricochet; Davy Jones; Chubbie; Armada; Three Up A major Aurora, Illinois pre-war producer with a large documented machine catalog. Stoner helps show how broad the industry became before flippers and postwar consolidation. Independent early American manufacturer. |
Arcade Museum: Stoner Manufacturing (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| SunCoast Pinball | Broader company dates unverified | One documented commercial release in 2019 | United States | Notable: Cosmic Carnival A Largo, Florida boutique maker represented by one documented production title. The machine date does not establish that the broader business began or ended in 2019. Single-title modern boutique history. |
Kineticist: SunCoast Pinball catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Taito do Brasil | 1972-1985 | Commercial pinball chiefly c.1977-1985; many title dates remain uncertain | Brazil | Notable: Cavaleiro Negro; Cosmic; Zarza; Hawkman; Speed Test A Sao Paulo producer of local adaptations and some original Brazilian designs during the transition from EM to solid-state technology. Regional Taito operation with a distinct Brazilian catalog; do not invent dates for undated machines. |
IPSND: Taito do Brasil catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Talleres del Llobregat | Founded 1963; ceased operations in 1973 | Commercial electro-mechanical pinball 1963-1973 | Spain | Notable: Ana Bond; Barbarella; Big Fair; Crystal-Ball; 1-2-3 A Barcelona-area manufacturer that showed Spanish export models at ATEI and ended before the solid-state transition. The company is also found under the Automáticos trade identity. |
Pinball News: history of Spanish pinball (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Tecnoplay | Broader amusement-company dates vary by source | Commercial pinball 1987-1988 | San Marino | Notable: Devil King; Scramble; X Force; Space Team; Hi Ball A San Marino solid-state manufacturer with five documented releases and personnel or asset connections to the post-Zaccaria industry. Do not describe it as a proven legal successor to Zaccaria without corporate records. |
Tilt.it: Tecnoplay catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| The Valley Company | Founded 1945; much broader billiards and coin-op history | One documented pinball project in 1978-1979 | United States | Notable: Spectra IV The Bay City, Michigan amusement-equipment company entered pinball only briefly with Spectra IV. Manufacturer and broader billiards/amusement roles must remain distinct. |
Cash Box, April 14, 1979: Valley Spectra IV (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| United Manufacturing | Founded 1941/1942; corporate operation through 1964 | Documented amusement catalog 1942-1962; five-ball flipper pins chiefly 1947-1950 | United States | Notable: Hawaii; Madrid; Wisconsin; Star Dust; Aquacade; Red Shoes An important Chicago producer whose pinball work sat beside a much larger shuffle-alley, baseball, bingo, and novelty-game catalog. Corrects the unsupported 1930s start; the later operation entered the Bally lineage. |
Strong: United Manufacturing records (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Viza Manufacturing | Short-lived company; broader dates unverified | Commercial cocktail pinball in 1978 | United States | Notable: War; Fabulous 50's A small contractor best known for the head-to-head cocktail game War and the little-documented Fabulous 50's. Contracted by Allied Leisure; the current evidence does not support an '1980s manufacturer' date. |
PinWiki: Viza Manufacturing catalog (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
| WhizBang Pinball | Design-studio activity c.2009-2016 | Own boutique project in 2011; Stern-manufactured collaborations 2015-2016 | United States | Notable: Whoa Nellie! Big Juicy Melons; The Pabst Can Crusher A Lake Villa, Illinois design studio whose hand-built Whoa Nellie project later became a Stern-manufactured game and the Pabst Can Crusher variant. WhizBang was the design partner; Stern was the later commercial manufacturer. |
WhizBang Pinball development archive (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Wico | Long-running amusement-supply company | Documented pinball projects in 1977 and 1984-1985 | United States | Notable: Big Top; AF-TOR Best known as an amusement supplier, Wico produced two separated pinball projects rather than a continuous 1970s-1980s catalog. Supplier and manufacturer roles must remain distinct. |
PinWiki: Wico pinball catalog (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Williams Manufacturing / Williams Electronics / WMS | Founded 1943; successive corporate names through 1999 | Williams-labeled pinball 1946-1999 | United States | Notable: Suspense; Firepower; Black Knight; High Speed; Medieval Madness; Monster Bash; Star Wars Episode I One of pinball's most influential design and manufacturing lineages, responsible for major mechanical, software, display, and playfield innovations across the EM, solid-state, DMD, and Pinball 2000 periods. WMS acquired Bally/Midway in 1988 and ended new pinball manufacturing in 1999. |
Strong: Bally-Midway-Williams records (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Zaccaria | 1974-1988 transition window | Commercial pinball 1974-1987 | Italy | Notable: Farfalla; Time Machine; Devil Riders; Magic Castle; Robot; Zankor One of Europe's most important solid-state manufacturers, with a large Italian catalog and a distinctive visual and mechanical identity. Bankruptcy and ownership change led into Mr. Game in 1988. |
Pinball News: Zaccaria history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab) |
| Zidware | 2011-2017 project period | No normal Zidware commercial production run; prototypes and incompletely fulfilled projects | United States | Notable: Magic Girl; Retro Atomic Zombie Adventureland; Alice in Wonderland John Popadiuk's venture accepted orders for ambitious collector games but failed to deliver a stable production catalog. A small group of incomplete Magic Girl units was contract-finished after Zidware's failure. Classify as failed/prototype history, not as a normal manufacturer run. |
Pinball News: Magic Girl production history (opens in a new tab)Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab) |
Before and beyond manufacturers
Origins and landmark transitions
Montague Redgrave and other foundational inventions belong here rather than in a company table.
- 1871
Montague Redgrave patent
Redgrave's improved bagatelle design popularized a spring-loaded ball launcher. He belongs in pinball's origin story, not in a manufacturer table.
- 1931
Baffle Ball
David Gottlieb's inexpensive counter game became a Depression-era commercial success and helped establish the modern coin-operated pin-game business.
- 1933
Contact
Harry Williams' game for Pacific Amusements used electric kickers and a bell, demonstrating that playfield action could be powered rather than purely gravity-driven.
- 1947
Humpty Dumpty
Gottlieb introduced the first production pinball game with player-controlled electromechanical flippers, using six small flippers around the playfield.
- 1948
Triple Action
Genco's Steve Kordek established the familiar two-flipper arrangement at the lower playfield, a layout that became pinball's enduring control language.
- Mid-1970s
Electronic transition
Commercial solid-state machines appeared while EM games were still being produced, so there is no single clean boundary between the technologies.
- 1991
DMD storytelling
Dot-matrix displays opened a period of animated instructions, modes, and narrative presentation that reshaped game software and licensed themes.
- 2010s-present
LCD and connected play
Large color displays, downloadable updates, accounts, achievements, and network services made software history an ongoing part of physical-machine preservation.
Research anchors: The Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab)Gottlieb Development official history (opens in a new tab)Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)
Next archival pass
Documented manufacturers awaiting full profiles
These names appear in preservation databases with multiple entries, but the company identity, dates, or distinction between original production and conversion work needs deeper regional research before promotion to the main archive.
| Manufacturer | Region | OPDB entries | Research required |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europlay | Italy / Europe | 10 | Separate original machines from conversion and distributor identities. |
| Juegos Populares | Spain | 8 | Build a reliable company timeline and resolve trade-name relationships. |
| Geiger | Europe | 7 | Verify production dates and distinguish maker, distributor, and conversion work. |
| Unidesa | Spain | 7 | Document the relationship to other Spanish amusement companies and titles. |
| A.M.I. | United States | 6 | Confirm which archive entries meet this page's physical-pinball scope. |
| Komplett | Europe | 6 | Verify corporate identity, dates, and surviving titles from regional sources. |
| C.E.A. | Europe | 5 | Resolve company name, country, and production window before promotion to the main table. |
| ManilaMatic | Spain | 4 | Verify trade identity, dates, and title list. |
| Marvel | Europe | 4 | Disambiguate the manufacturer from the entertainment trademark and later licensed themes. |
| NSM | Germany | 4 | Separate documented pinball output from jukebox and broader coin-op manufacturing. |
Evidence and further reading
Core research library
Manufacturer pages use official records wherever available and institutional or preservation sources for defunct companies. External links open in a new tab.
- Stern Pinball official history (opens in a new tab)
- Stern Pinball games archive (opens in a new tab)
- The Strong: Bally-Midway-Williams records (opens in a new tab)
- The Strong: Atari Coin-Op records (opens in a new tab)
- The Strong: Pinball history (opens in a new tab)
- Gottlieb Development official history (opens in a new tab)
- Internet Pinball Database (opens in a new tab)
- Internet Pinball Serial Number Database (opens in a new tab)
- Open Pinball Database manufacturer index (opens in a new tab)
- Pinside machine archive (opens in a new tab)
- Game Plan Pinball history (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: Zaccaria history (opens in a new tab)
- Cash Box, January 15, 1977 (opens in a new tab)
- Australian Business Register: Haggis Pinball (opens in a new tab)
- UK Companies House: Heighway Pinball (opens in a new tab)
- Mills Novelty Company history (opens in a new tab)
- Arcade Museum: Stoner Manufacturing (opens in a new tab)
- Planetary Pinball official information (opens in a new tab)
- SEC: deeproot investment-fraud litigation release (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: Game Over for deeproot Pinball (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: Haggis Pinball in liquidation (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: SunCoast Pinball catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Amusements & Attractions: Heighway Pinball liquidation (opens in a new tab)
- WhizBang Pinball development archive (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: Magic Girl production history (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: New Canasta review (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: Pinball Expo 2004 seminars (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: Big Bang Bar reproduction (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Spinball catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Capcom annual report 1998 (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Recel history and catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Sleic history and catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Pinball News: history of Spanish pinball (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Mr. Game catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Jeutel catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Flip Commons: MAC S.A. catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Bell Games and Nuova Bell catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Pinstar and Gamatron (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: Ripepi manufacturer catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Tilt.it: Tecnoplay catalog (opens in a new tab)
- PinWiki: Viza Manufacturing catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Recreativas.org: Recreativos Franco history (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: LTD do Brasil catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Nordamatic catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Sega-16: Eduardo Morales Hermo interview and Segasa history (opens in a new tab)
- PinWiki: Wico pinball catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Midway Manufacturing catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Recreativas.org: Playmatic history (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: Taito do Brasil catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Hankin Pinball official machine history (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Centro Matic catalog (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: Fascination International catalog (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: Spirit of '76 machine record (opens in a new tab)
- Cash Box, April 14, 1979: Valley Spectra IV (opens in a new tab)
- Pinside: Coffee-Mat machine catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Recreativas.org: Billport 7 1/2 Up (opens in a new tab)
- Recreativas.org: Maresa machine catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Kineticist: Rally Play catalog (opens in a new tab)
- The Strong: United Manufacturing records (opens in a new tab)
- International Arcade Museum: O.D. Jennings history (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: Whiffle Board by Automatic Industries (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: Pacific Amusement Manufacturing catalog (opens in a new tab)
- Smithsonian: Rock-Ola World's Fair Jig-Saw (opens in a new tab)
- Cash Box, August 21, 1976: Brunswick home pinball (opens in a new tab)
- PinWiki: Brunswick and Briarwood catalog (opens in a new tab)
- The Strong: A.B.T. Manufacturing archive (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: A.B.T. Autobank machine record (opens in a new tab)
- IPSND: M. Redgrave Bagatelle Company catalog (opens in a new tab)